Colorectal cancer develops in the colon or rectum and is one of the most common cancers in the U.S. It’s also a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The good news: regular screening can help catch it early—when it’s most treatable.

While early stages often show no symptoms, possible warning signs may include:

• Blood in or on your stool

• Changes in bowel habits (like constipation or diarrhea)

• Persistent stomach pain or cramping

• Unexplained weight loss

• Ongoing fatigue

Anyone aged 45 or older is encouraged to get screened, especially if you have:

• A family history of colorectal cancer

• Certain inherited genetic conditions

• A diet high in red or processed meats

• Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, or regular alcohol use

Regular screening helps detect colorectal cancer early—before symptoms appear. It can also catch precancerous polyps, allowing them to be removed before they turn into cancer.

The FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test), also called iFOB, is a non-invasive stool-based screening tool. It checks for hidden blood in your stool, which can be an early sign of colorectal cancer or large polyps.

For most people at average risk, the FIT is recommended once a year. If you’re at higher risk, your healthcare provider might recommend a different schedule.

The test uses antibodies to detect trace amounts of human blood in your stool. A positive result may suggest colorectal cancer or another condition that needs follow-up.

Each kit includes clear instructions and everything you need. In general:

1. Fill out your information and label the materials.

2. Use the provided collection paper in the toilet.

3. Collect a small stool sample using the swab or probe.

4. Secure the sample in the collection tube.

5. Place everything in the included biohazard bag and prepaid envelope, then send it to the lab.

Any time of day is fine—just be sure to follow the instructions carefully.

No. A small sample from any type of bowel movement is enough for testing.

If you’re experiencing visible bleeding or blood in your urine, speak to your healthcare provider before using the FIT, as this can impact your results.

A positive test means blood was found in your stool. This doesn’t automatically mean you have cancer, but you’ll likely need further testing, like a colonoscopy, to find the cause.

• If positive: Contact your healthcare provider to plan next steps.

• If negative: Continue with regular screenings based on your provider’s advice.

Other causes may include:

• Polyps

• Hemorrhoids

• GI tract inflammation or bleeding

Yes. A colonoscopy is typically the next step to examine your colon more closely and determine the source of the bleeding.

Like any test, FIT is not perfect.

• A false positive occurs when the test detects blood that isn't related to cancer.

• A false negative means the test missed blood that was present.
  That’s why ongoing screening and follow-up care are important.

This means the lab couldn’t determine a clear result, often due to issues with the sample. You’ll likely need to retest.